What landmark case established that segregated schools are unconstitutional?

The landmark case that established that segregated schools are unconstitutional is Brown v. Board of Education. This 1954 Supreme Court decision concluded that racial segregation in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court's ruling was based on extensive evidence that segregation in schools created a sense of inferiority among African American children, which had detrimental effects on their educational opportunities. The decision effectively overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine established by Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, which allowed for racial segregation as long as facilities were deemed equal.

Brown v. Board of Education was a pivotal moment in the civil rights movement and set a precedent for further legal challenges against racial discrimination in various aspects of public life. This case underscored the principle that education is not just essential for personal development, but also a fundamental right that should be afforded equally to all students, regardless of race.

The other cases mentioned, such as Plessy v. Ferguson, upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation, while Roe v. Wade dealt with abortion rights and the Federal Education Rights Case is not a landmark case related to school segregation.